中国的四大发明

知识点：《中国的四大发明》 收集：樊备阅 编辑：风信子
本知识点包括：1、中国四大发明是什么？ 2、中国四大发明出现的先后顺序和朝代各是什么？ 3、中国当代新四大发明有哪些？ 4、我国四大发明有哪些 5、我国四大发明是什么分别是谁发明的 。

《中国的四大发明》相关知识

"四大发明”英文名为“The Four Great Inventions”

“造纸术”英文名为“Papermaking”

“火药”英文名为“Gunpowder”

“印刷术”英文名为“Priniting Technique”

“指南针”英文名为“Compass”

知识拓展：

1： 有没有用英文介绍中国的四大发明我想用英文写一篇关于中国的四大发明,只用介绍其中一种相关的历史,简短一些,可以吗

你可以选择一段来用.

The Four Great Inventions

China's long history has seen some extremely important inventions emerge, most noticeably gunpowder, paper making, printing and the compass, which, in the words of Roger Bacon, changed the whole appearance and status of things in the world.

China was the first country in the world to make proper paper. Paper made during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-16 AD) has been found in Gansu Province, Xi'an and other places in Shaanxi Province as well as Xinjiang. A further development of paper is credited to Cai Lun of the Eastern Han (25-220). He used plant fiber such as tree bark, bits of rope, rags and worn-out fishing nets as raw materials. In 105, Cai presented the first batch of paper made under his supervision to the Han emperor, who was so delighted that he named the material "Marquis Cai's paper". Eastern Han Dynasty paper found in Wuwei, Gansu, in 1974 carried words which were still clearly decipherable. Thin, soft, and with a smooth finish and tight texture, this paper is the most refined and oldest paper discovered to date.

Before paper was invented, the ancient Chinese carved characters on pottery, animal bones and stones, cast them on bronzes, or wrote them on bamboo or wooden strips and silk fabric. These materials, however, were either too heavy or two expensive for widespread use. The invention and use of paper brought about a revolution in writing materials, paving the way for the invention of printing technology in the years to come.

The invention of gunpowder was no doubt one of the most significant achievements of the Middle Ages in China. The correct prescription for making gunpowder with nitre, sulphur and carbon was probably discovered in the ninth century. In fact, in his book, Ge Hong in the third century records the procedures for making a kind of mixture that could be ignited. After the Tang Dynasty (618-907), things took a much faster course as gunpowder was already used in simple hand-grenades which were thrown by a catapult. In 1126, Li Gang, a local official, recorded how he ordered the defenders of the city of Kaifeng to "fire cannons" at the invading Nuzhen tribal people, inflicting heavy casualties on the invaders.

The first prescription for gunpowder appeared in 1044, much earlier than the earliest (1265) gunpowder-making instructions recorded in Europe. By the Song Dynasty (960-1126), gunpowder was in extensive use. Weapons made with it included rifles and rockets. The Song army also used a kind of flame thrower which involved packing gunpowder into bamboo tubes. The earliest picture of a European cannon shows that it bears a striking similarity to Chinese cannon of 1128.

About 1230, the Song army had cannon powerful enough to breach city walls.

A bronze Chinese cannon cast in 1332 is the oldest one in the world extant today. Many bronze and iron cannons have been unearthed in China, most of them bearing inscriptions dating them to between 1280 and 1380.

On the basis of printing using carved blocks in the Tang Dynasty, Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type printing in the 1040s, which ushered in a major revolution in the history of printing.

Bi's printing consisted of four processes: making the types, composing the text, printing and retrieving the movable types. According to Dream Stream Essays, Bi Sheng carved individual characters on squares of sticky clay, then baked them make clay type pieces. When composing a text, he put a large iron frame on a piece of iron board and arranged the words within the frame. While one plate was being printed, another plate could be composed. After printing, the movable types were taken away and stored for future use. Movable type printing has a very important position in the history of printing, for all later printing methods such as wooden type, copper type and lead type printing invariably developed on the basis of movable clay types. Bi Sheng created movable type printing more than four hundred years earlier than it was invented in Europe.

According to ancient records, natural magnets were employed in China as direction-finding devices. This led to the first compass, called a sinan (south-pointing ladle) during the Warring States Period. In the Han Dynasty compasses consisted of a bronze on which 24 directions were carved and a rod made from a natural magnet. Such devices were in use until the eighth century.

In the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo described the floating compass, suspended in water, a technique which minimized the effect of motion on the instrument. This enabled the compass to be used for sea navigation for the first time. The invention of the compass promoted maritime undertakings, and its use soon spread to the Arab world, and thence to Europe.

China's four great ancient inventions made tremendous contributions to the world's economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of China's role as a great world civilization.

2： 中国四大发明（英语）谁能帮我介绍一下中国的四大发明,一定要短,用英语!

The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are,according to Chinese tradition and the British scholar and biochemist Joseph Needham:

The Compass

Gunpowder

Papermaking

Printing

These inventions are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as signs of ancient China's advanced science and technology.These four discoveries had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact.

Although he may have been unaware of the origin of these inventions,in 1620 the English philosopher Francis Bacon noted their importance by writing:

好像对

Printing,gunpowder and the compass:These three have changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world; the first in literature,the second in warfare,the third in navigation; whence have followed innumerable changes,in so much that no empire,no sect,no star seems to have exerted greater power and influence in human affairs than these.

3： 中国古代四大发明的英文单词是什么?各个发明的英文单词是什么,

Mariner's compass 指南针

Explosive 火药

Deckle 造纸

Printing 印刷术

4： 中国四大发明翻译成英文

指南针：The compass

火药：Gunpowder

造纸术：paper-making

印刷术：printing

在翻译 造纸术、印刷术时,如果是在句子中,最好在他们后面在加上technique（“技术”的意思）

也就是 paper-making technique 造纸技术 and printing technique 印刷技术

5： 中国古代四大发明英文介绍四大发明中的一种就可以...需用英文介绍...三句话就够...要发明人,发明时间,还有最主要的发明物体...

The Four Great Inventions of China:

The Compass指南针

Gunpowder火药

Paper纸

Printing印刷术

These four discoveries had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact.

猜你喜欢：

1：中国四大发明是什么？

提示：四大发明，是关于中国科学技术史的一种观点，是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明，是中国古代劳动人民的重要创造，是指造纸术、指南针、火药及印刷术。 此一说法最早由英国汉学家艾约瑟提出并为后来许多中国的历史学家所继承，普遍认为这...

2：中国四大发明出现的先后顺序和朝代各是什么？

提示：中国四大发明出现的先后顺序和朝代： 一、指南针。指南针的始祖大约出现在战国时期，是我国劳动人民，在长期的实践中对物体磁性认识的结果。 二、火药。三国时有个聪明的技师马钧，用纸包火药的方法做出了娱乐用的“爆仗”，开创了火药应用的先河...

3：中国当代新四大发明有哪些？

提示：中国当代新四大发明是什么？古有造纸、指南针、火药、印刷术四大发明，随着科技发展，中国诞生了更多引世界瞩目制造和技术。猜猜老外心中的中国“新四大发明”是什么？ 近日，北京外国语大学丝绸之路研究院对“一带一路”沿线20多个国家的青年最爱的...

4：我国四大发明有哪些

提示：四大发明是指造纸术、指南针、火药及印刷术。 简介如下： 造纸术是中国四大发明之一。 人们都知道蔡伦造纸，实际上，在东汉蔡伦大规模造纸之前，中国人就已经发明了造纸术。造纸术（也称蔡侯纸）蔡伦改进。东汉和帝元兴元年(公元105年)，蔡伦在...

5：我国四大发明是什么分别是谁发明的

提示：我国四大发明分别是造纸术、指南针、火药及印刷术。 造纸术是由东汉蔡伦改进的。 指南针是由栾大(雏形),指南针的始祖大约出现在战国时期,具体人不详。 火药是由孙思邈发明的。 活字印刷术是由毕升发明的。 扩展资料： 四大发明，是关于中国科学...