中国航天发展史

概括：这道题是崔谓第同学的课后练习题，主要是关于中国航天发展史，指导老师为翟老师。中国航天四院即航天动力技术研究院始建于1962年7月1日，是我国规模最大、实力最强的固体火箭发动机基础理论研究、设计、研制、生产和各种试验基地，同时承担该领域内国家重大预先研究课题，是国家重点国防科研单位，也是"十五"、"十一五"期间国防科工委重点统筹规划建设单位之一。目前，该院共有在岗职工7000多人，中高级专业技术人员4000余人，其中，国际宇航科学院院士1人，中科院院士1人，国家级专家5人，省部级专家40多人，研究员140多人。

题目：中国航天发展史

　　中华人民共和国的航天事业起步于20世纪五十年代末,自1970年4月24日,中国自制的第一颗人造卫星--东方红一号发射成功,至2005年初,中国已成功发射了四十多颗人造卫星；2003年底,中国的“神舟五号”飞船将中国的第一位宇航员杨利伟送入太空,标志着中国成为第三个成功将人送入太空的国家.

　　中国航天发展简史

　　1956年10月8日,中国就秘密组建了国防部第五研究院(简称老五院),代号0038部队.该研究院由钱学森担任院长,其职责是攻克远程导弹的技术难关.

　　1960年11月5日,中国自制的第一枚导弹“1059”发射成功.

　　1970年4月24日,第一颗人造地球卫星东方红一号在酒泉卫星发射场发射成功,使中国成为世界上第五个发射卫星的国家.

　　1973年9月10日,中国在酒泉卫星发射场用风暴1号运载火箭发射长空1号卫星失败.这是中国第一次卫星发射失败.

　　1975年11月26日,中国首颗返回式地球卫星发射成功,3天后顺利返回,使中国成为世界上第三个掌握卫星返回技术的国家.

　　1982年10月12日,潜艇水下发射运载火箭获得成功,回收舱准确地溅落在预定海域.

　　1990年4月7日,中国利用“长征三号”运载火箭在西昌卫星发射中心,把美国制造的亚洲1号通信卫星送入预定的轨道,首次取得了为国外用户发射卫星的成功.

　　1992年,中国神舟号飞船载人航天工程列入国家计划进行研制.

　　1996年2月15日,中国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征3号B火箭发射“国际星7A”失败.中国第一次发射外国卫星失败.

　　1999年11月20日,中国第一艘无人试验飞船“神舟一号”试验飞船在酒泉发射成功,21小时后在内蒙古

举一反三

例1： 关于中国航天事业的发展历程．1960：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（填写主要事件）1970：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿1975：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿1985：＿＿＿＿

1960年2月19日,中国自行设计制造的试验型液体燃料探空火箭首次发射成功.

中国的航天事业起步于20世纪五六十年代.一九六五年,中国第一颗人造卫星计划开始实施,尽管在特殊的时期经历了比平时更多的艰辛和困难,但经过五年多的努力拼搏,终于研制完成,星箭齐备,整装待发.一九七零年四月二十四日,长征一号运载火箭首次发射,成功地把中国第一颗人造地球卫星东方红一号送入预定轨道,揭开了中国航天活动的序幕

1975年11月26日,中国首颗返回式卫星发射成功,3天后顺利返回,中国成为世界上第三个掌握卫星返回技术的国家.一九七八年底,十一届三中全会以后,航天科技工业实行了以经济建设为中心的战略转移.航天科技工业战线全力以赴,在远程运载火箭技术、固体火箭技术等一系列关键技术上取得重大突破.中国已完全依靠自己的力量研制出包含多种型号、能把各种不同用途的卫星送入近地轨道(LEO)、地球同步转移轨道(GTO)和太阳同步轨道(SSO)的长征系列火箭.

在中国改革开放进程中,长征火箭于一九八五年十月开始走向国际市场,并在一九九零年四月成功地实施了第一次国际商业发射服务,把美国休斯公司制造的亚洲一号通信卫星送上太空.

1999年11月20日,中国第一艘无人试验飞船“神舟”一号试验飞船在酒泉起飞,21小时后在内蒙古中部回收场成功着陆.

例2： 英语翻译尽快吧要一直到神州7号的过程哈.[英语练习题]

Rocket can carry and launch a satellite into space, and satellites can also safely return, these two results had been achieved for the manned space flight lay a technological foundation. In addition to the obvious economic benefits, the development of manned space flight involving astronomy, medicine, aerodynamics, dozens of subject areas. It will reflect the maturity of a country's overall technological level is related to a country's life and death in the space age.

Manned space flight has been 42 years of human history (in 1961 the former Soviet Union to achieve the world's first manned space flight), China's manned space program was officially launched in 1992, took only seven years after the breakthrough in the space on the highest technical.

At 6:30:07 on November 20, 1999, China's first pilot a spaceship "Shenzhou I" successful initial public offering, China became the United States and Russia have after the world's first three manned space technology countries. Upon completion of 21 hours of space scientific experiments, after at 3:41 on the 21st successful landing. "Shenzhou" spacecraft successfully launched and recovered to become another milestone in China's space history. The success of the date of November 21, 1999, from the days of the end of this year, only one month and 9 days. In the seven-year period the number of the calendar day countdown to the astronauts live, many people just want to sleep on the Haohaodeshui. But even such a simple desire to right a lot of people speaking, but also an elusive luxury. In the new war drums, the "Shenzhou II" again underway. Crane was riding rumbled advance of Chinese astronauts in space to be ideal for a nation to race against time!

Soon, the second ship spaceship "Shenzhou II" is created, its performance than the "Shenzhou I" more advanced life-support systems to ensure safety and maintain the equipment installation is also much stronger.

January 10, 2001 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, flying seven days after the successful return to the ground. This is China's first unmanned spacecraft. Spacecraft on a micro-gravity environment of space life sciences, space materials, space astronomy and physics experiments and other fields, all kinds of instruments and equipment performance, stability, job properly, has made large amounts of data. With the "Shenzhou" spacecraft on the 1st than the "Shenzhou II" spacecraft system architecture has a new expansion, technical performance has been enhanced, the spacecraft and manned spacecraft technology, the state basically the same.

Followed by Shenzhou III spacecraft on March 25, 2002 launch. Spacecraft carrying human metabolic simulator, anthropomorphic dummies physiological signal equipment and body can be quantitatively simulate the astronauts breathing and blood circulation of the important physiological parameters. "Shenzhou" on the 3rd orbital module left in space orbit more than 180 days, successfully conducted a series of space science experiments.

December 30, 2002, the "Shenzhou" spacecraft lifted off on the 4th is China's manned space flight last rehearsal is the manned space program since the implementation of technical requirements for the highest, most all the tested systems, the most difficult one flight test We still face the most severe since the launch of the manned space flight test: a rare cold launch ever, the minimum temperature close to -30 ℃, low-temperature launch conditions over the past 10 ℃, and the launch of the spacecraft has now entered an irreversible state. "Shenzhou" spacecraft on the 4th the last successful launch marked China's manned space project that no one state has withstood the most comprehensive flight test trials, creating the history of China's space launch a new record low temperature, but also created the world's aerospace history Rocket the miracle of low-temperature firing. Academician Liang Sili Chinese space experts said that although the "Shenzhou" spacecraft, launch Bimei, Russia later, but my spaceship from a higher development. "Shenzhou" spacecraft, the orbital module to conduct both stay in orbit for earth observations, but also as a future space rendezvous and docking of an aircraft, is the next space shuttle transportation excellent tool.

October 6, the Associated Press released to the world the message: In the upcoming launch of manned spacecraft ago, China announced as early as three years, the lunar satellite into lunar orbit. Code-named "Chang'e Project" of Chinese lunar exploration program started in March of this year, is proceeding smoothly. In another development, if all goes well, 10 years later, the moon will occur the Chinese presence.

AD October 15, 2003 was an unusual day, 9 hours, Yang Liwei's "Shenzhou" V spacecraft in the deafening roar shook the ground in the sky. On this day people around the world have seen the Chinese people fly in space, Yang Liwei. From that day onwards, Haomiao waving the banner of the universe to begin with the Chinese flag. That ship carrying the whole nation of hope "magic boat" gash in China a new space age.

AD October 16, 2003 morning 6:23, China's "Shenzhou V" spaceship take-off 21 hours later, successfully landed in the open grasslands of Inner Mongolia. No footprints of the Chinese people in space history ends here.

Flying from the Dunhuang mural came out.

我没有神7的材料有的话给我吧.（这是到神5的）

鄙视那些复制的人~~~~~

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